Glaucoma primarily affects which ocular structure?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that primarily damage the optic nerve, which is essential for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. This damage often results from increased intraocular pressure, but it can also occur with normal pressure due to underlying factors. The condition is typically progressive, leading to a gradual loss of vision, starting from the peripheral fields and potentially resulting in total vision loss if not managed properly.

The optic nerve is particularly vulnerable in glaucoma because it carries millions of nerve fibers that can be affected by pressure, which may lead to atrophy and degeneration of the nerve fibers over time. The accurate monitoring and treatment of intraocular pressure are critical in preserving the health of the optic nerve and preventing the progressive vision loss characteristic of glaucoma.