Scotomas located immediately nasal or temporal to fixation are known as:

Scotomas located immediately nasal or temporal to fixation are referred to as paracentral scotomas. This designation indicates that these visual field defects are positioned adjacent to the central point of fixation, falling specifically in the paracentral area of the visual field.

The term "paracentral" emphasizes their proximity to the fovea or the central part of vision, which is crucial for detailed visual tasks. These scotomas can result from various conditions affecting the retina or optic nerve, such as glaucoma, leading to a loss of vision in these areas while leaving the central vision largely intact. Understanding where these scotomas are located is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning in clinical settings.

The other types of scotomas mentioned (central, arcuate, and nasal step) refer to different visual field defects with distinct anatomical boundaries. Central scotomas occupy the center of the visual field, which can be caused by conditions like macular degeneration. Arcuate scotomas take on a curved shape and often correspond to specific patterns of retinal damage. Nasal steps involve a loss of vision that occurs at the nasal border of the visual field but do not specifically encompass the paracentral area.